This article aims to pay heed to the rational and deliberative dimensions of moral agency within the project of moral enhancement. In this sense, it is presented how the technique of neurofeedback might contribute to the enhancement of moral deliberations and autonomy. Furthermore, this brain-computer interface is thought as a possible element of a Socratic moral assistant interested in improving moral enhancement within a model of full interaction between moral agents and such a moral assistant. This proposal does not embrace (...) the project of moral bioenhancement, centred in the improvement of moral emotions through neuropharmacology. Moreover it rejects the delegation of moral decision-making to moral artificial agents because this would mean that there is continuity between moral human and artificial moral agents. (shrink)

Este artículo explora los artilugios conceptuales que utiliza la teoría de Bruno Latour para comprender y explicar la realidad natural y social. Asimismo, se exponen cuáles son los límites a su principio de “indeterminación radical” o principio de simetría generalizado. Este análisis muestra la posibilidad de un estudio normativo de la realidad social y tecnocientífica compatible con la evolución que se encuentra en el mismo Latour respecto del significado y funcíon políticos de la ciencia.This article explores the conceptual tools which (...) philosopher, sociologist and anthropologist Bruno Latour uses to understand and also to explain natural and social realities investigated by the sciences and by the philosophy of science. This text also sets the limits to Labour’s principle of radical indeterminacy, also known as the principle of generalized symmetry. As a result of this, the possibility of a normative study of social and techno-scientific realities is emphasized as a type of technoscientfic and social research, which is compatible with Latour’s own evolution of thought concerning the meaning and function of the politics of science. (shrink)

En este artículo analizo ciertos problemas que se derivan de los principios que se utilizan en el discurso ético sobre la «mejora humana», y que guardan relación con el positivismo. Comienzo esbozando las dos posiciones principales que configuran el debate sobre la mejora humana: la posición creativa, post-humanista o pro-mejora frente a la postura bio-conservadora u orientada a la gratitud. Mi objetivo es mostrar, primero, que el debate ético sobre la mejora humana proviene, especialmente en el bando pro-mejora, de una (...) visión demasiado optimista, casi ingenua, de la ciencia y de la tecnología; y segundo, que este debate ha prestado poca atención a las cuestiones epistemológicas, sociales y políticas que están en juego. (shrink)

Synaesthesia is a condition in which one type of stimulation evokes the sensation of another, as when the hearing of a sound produces photisms, i.e. mental percepts of colours. R is a 20 year old colour blind subject who, in addition to the relatively common grapheme-colour synaesthesia, presents a rarely reported cross modal perception in which a variety of visual stimuli elicit aura-like percepts of colour. In R, photisms seem to be closely related to the affective valence of stimuli and (...) typically bring out a consistent pattern of emotional responses. The present case study suggests that colours might be an intrinsic category of the human brain. We developed an empirical methodology that allowed us to study the subject's otherwise inaccessible phenomenological experience. First, we found that R shows a Stroop effect elicited by photisms despite the fact that he does not show a regular Stroop with real colours. Secondly, by manipulating the colour context we confirmed that colours can alter R's emotional evaluation of the stimuli. Furthermore, we demonstrated that R's auras may actually lead to a partially inverted emotional spectrum where certain stimuli bring out emotional reactions opposite to the normal ones. These findings can only be accounted for by considering R's subjective colour experience or qualia. Therefore the present paper defends the view that qualia are a useful scientific concept that can be approached and studied by experimental methods. (shrink)

Synaesthesia is a condition in which one type of stimulation evokes the sensation of another, as when the hearing of a sound produces photisms, i.e. mental percepts of colours. R is a 20 year old colour blind subject who, in addition to the relatively common grapheme-colour synaesthesia, presents a rarely reported cross modal perception in which a variety of visual stimuli elicit aura-like percepts of colour. In R, photisms seem to be closely related to the affective valence of stimuli and (...) typically bring out a consistent pattern of emotional responses. The present case study suggests that colours might be an intrinsic category of the human brain. We developed an empirical methodology that allowed us to study the subject's otherwise inaccessible phenomenological experience. First, we found that R shows a Stroop effect (delayed response due to interference) elicited by photisms despite the fact that he does not show a regular Stroop with real colours. Secondly, by manipulating the colour context we confirmed that colours can alter R's emotional evaluation of the stimuli. Furthermore, we demonstrated that R's auras may actually lead to a partially inverted emotional spectrum where certain stimuli bring out emotional reactions opposite to the normal ones. These findings can only be accounted for by considering R's subjective colour experience or qualia. Therefore the present paper defends the view that qualia are a useful scientific concept that can be approached and studied by experimental methods. (shrink)

El desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología y de las competencias técnicas ha impulsado el desarrollo de las sociedad haciéndolas más complejas, causando que las aptitudes emocionales se conviertan en factores de éxito, ya que afectan el desempeño humano en todos los escenarios donde se desenvuelve, no obstante a pesar de las investigaciones en este área, actualmente no se cuenta con modelos que relacionen dichas aptitudes con el rendimiento organizacional, lo cual dio origen a esta investigación que busca determinar (...) el impacto de dichas competencias en la ejecución de proyectos en la empresa ENGISERV VENEZUELA C.A. Para realizar el estudio la metodología usada considero que se trata de una investigación de campo, no experimental y transversal. La población fue de 35 expertos en proyectos y la muestra se seleccionó por el método probabilístico aleatorio simple, Concluyéndose que las competencias emocionales afectan el rendimiento de los proyectos cerca 83,4%. Palabras Clave: Inteligencia emocional, competencias emocionales, rendimiento de proyectos. Referencias [1]J. García. «Caminos de la reflexión La teoría Orteguiana de las ideas y las creencias en el contexto de la escuela de Madrid».Edición 8, España: Biblioteca Nueva 2009. [2]D. McClelland. «Testing for Competencies rather than intelligence». American Psychologist. Edicion 1, NewYork, Harvard University 1973. [3]Levy-Leboyer, Claude. «Gestión de las Competencias».Edición 1, Ediciones Gestión 2000. Barcelona, España 1997. [4]R. Bisquerra. “Educación emocional y competencias básicas para la vida”. RIE, vol 21, pp. 1, 7-43. Junio 2003. [5]R. Fragoso "Inteligencia emocional y competencias emocionales en educación superior, ¿un mismo concepto?” RIES, vol. VI, no. 16, pp.110-125. Marzo 2015. [6]J. Sánchez “La competencia emocional en la escuela: una propuesta de organización dimensional y criterial”, RFEA. vol. 25, pp. 79-96, Abril 2010”. [7]Goleman, D. «Working with emotional intelligence». Bantam. 1998. [8]M. Vivas "La educación emocional: conceptos fundamentales." RUI, vol. 4, no. 2, pp.1-21. Agosto.2003. [9]W. Pinkerton. «Project management achieving project bottom-line success», Edicion 1, Pennsylvania Mc-Graw-Hill, 2003. [10]D. Goleman. «Inteligencia emocional en la empresa» Barcelona, España. Editorial Kairós, 2018. [11]C. Michelena. «Estrategias para la elaboración de un proyecto de investigación». Caracas: Insertos Médicos de Venezuela, 2004. [12]R. Sierra. «Técnicas de Investigación Social». Buenos Aires: Editorial Paraninfo.1992. [13]P. Baptista. C. Fernández y R Hernández. “Metodología de la investigación”. México DF: McGraw–Hill.2010. [14]M. Carbonero. “Formación inicial docente y competencias emocionales”: Educ. Pesqui. vol.45. pp.3-20 Abril, 2019. [15]American Management Association. «Leading with emotional intelligence», Nueva York, AMA 2012. (shrink)

This paper is devoted to the study of some subvarieties of the variety Qof Q-Heyting algebras, that is, Heyting algebras with a quantifier. In particular, a deeper investigation is carried out in the variety Q 3 of three-valued Q-Heyting algebras to show that the structure of the lattice of subvarieties of Qis far more complicated that the lattice of subvarieties of Heyting algebras. We determine the simple and subdirectly irreducible algebras in Q 3 and we construct the lattice of subvarieties (...) (Q 3 ) of the variety Q 3. (shrink)

The variety O2 of double Ockham algebras consists of the algebras (A ∨, ∧, f,g 0,1) of type (2,2,1,1,0,0) where (A; ∨, ∧,f, 0,1) and (A; ∨, ∧,g 0,1) are Ockham algebras. In [16], M. Sequeira introduced several subvarieties of O2. In this paper we give a construction of free double Ockham algebras on a partially ordered set. We also describe free objects for the subvarieties of O2 considered in [16].

El término estrés es una aportación de un médico húngaro llamado Has Selye (1907-1982). Su primera intuición sobre la existencia de este proceso psicológico se produjo mientras realizaba su rotatorio hospitalario al final de sus estudios de medicina. Observó que todos los pacientes, independientemente de la enfermedad que padecieran, presentaban unos síntomas comunes que denominó el síndrome de "simplemente estar enfermo", y que posteriormente en su tesis doctoral fue renombrado como "síndrome general de adaptación". Esto dio lugar a que el (...) resto de su vida lo dedicara al estudio y formalización del concepto de estrés. (shrink)

Este artículo de homenaje a la Profesora Yolanda Ruano se divide en dos partes. En la primera discuto las críticas que ella realizara a mi libro sobre la diosa Fortuna en las que avanzaba su propio análisis de las complejas relaciones entre razón y fortuna en el pensamiento occidental. En la segunda parte, desde el punto de vista del “giro icónico” en humanidades y ciencias sociales, analizo el caso concreto del auge y desaparición de la diosa Fortuna en la iconografía (...) política de la ciudad de Berlín. A lo largo del siglo XIX la diosa Fortuna desaparece de la escena berlinesa y es sustituida por la diosa Niké o Victoria, que popularmente se interpreta como un Ángel de la Victoria. Este es el marco de la infancia de Walter Benjamin, quien más tarde expresará su visión de la historia con un otro ángel completamente distinto, el Angelus Novus de Paul Klee. (shrink)

Introduction Adolescents’ physical activity (PA) behavior can be driven by several psychosocial determinants at the same time. Most analyses use a variable-based approach that examines relations between PA-related determinants and PA behavior on the between-person level. Using this approach, possible coexistences of different psychosocial determinants within one person cannot be examined. Therefore, by applying a person-oriented approach, this study examined a) which profiles regarding PA-related psychosocial variables typically occur in female sixth-graders, b) if these profiles deliver a self-consistent picture according (...) to theoretical assumptions, and c) if the profiles contribute to the explanation of PA. Materials and Methods The sample comprised 475 female sixth-graders. Seventeen PA-related variables were assessed: support for autonomy, competence and relatedness in PE as well as their satisfaction in PE and leisure-time; behavioral regulation of exercise (five subscales); self-efficacy and social support from friends and family (two subscales). Moderate-to-vigorous PA was measured using accelerometers. Data were analyzed using the self-organizing maps (SOM) analysis, a cluster analysis including an unsupervised algorithm for non-linear models. Results According to the respective level of psychosocial resources, a positive, a medium and a negative cluster were identified. This superordinate cluster solution represented a self-consistent picture that was in line with theoretical assumptions. The three-cluster solution contributed to the explanation of PA behavior, with the positive cluster accumulating an average of six minutes more moderate-to-vigorous PA per day than the medium cluster and ten minutes more than the negative cluster. Additionally, SOM detected a subgroup within the positive cluster that benefited from a specific combination of intrinsic and external regulations with regard to PA. Discussion The results underline the relevance of the assessed psychosocial determinants of PA behavior in female sixth-graders. The results further indicate that the different psychosocial resources within a given person do not develop independently of one another, which supports the use of a person-oriented approach. In addition, the SOM analysis identified subgroups with specific characteristics, which would have remained undetected using variable-based approaches. Thus, this approach offers the possibility to reduce data complexity without overlooking subgroups with special demands that go beyond the superordinate cluster solution. (shrink)

This paper intends to analyse several different aspects of the recent evolution of Western Universities. This evolution is analysed through the examples offered by recent changes in the norms of some of these institutions, and the different elements that condition these changes are analysed as well. These changes could, to a certain extent, make it possible to speak about a refounding of universities, at least in Spain. The tools that are applied to the evaluation of universities are also taken into (...) account, as are the relative value of universities and the hierarchical dependence among them. Lastly, and with the aid of a practical example, the methods by which universities are evaluated are questioned. (shrink)

The purpose of our article is to contemplate, from an aesthetic-artistic vision, the principles of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, adopted by UNESCO in 2005. As a result of a restful, attentive and calm look (contemplation), we believe that the development of a line of thought capable of proposing answers to the great questions posed by the current existential and historical paradigm shift requires an effort of transdisciplinary dialogue. On the one hand, reason, as a specific and (...) differential faculty of the human being, must overcome the limits of its reduction to mere empirical scientism and redefine itself as a reason with an open horizon. On the other hand, the creation of works of art and the aesthetic experience constitutes a way of understanding the complexity and multiplicity of reality. Based on two classic works of art: "The kidnapping of the Sabinas" (Da Cortona) and "Liberty leading the people" (Delacroix) we propose a bio-aesthetic experience on the two fundamental axes on which the principles of the Declaration of UNESCO navigate, which are the centrality of the person and of society. Knowing and deepening such principles, through bio-aesthetic contemplation, is shown as a valid educational instrument, which entails the art of stimulating the capacity to reverberate the beauty existing in the world when good is manifested in human behavior and recognizing the transforming power of art, which facilitates a pedagogical and comprehensive assimilation of the principles of the UNESCO Declaration. (shrink)

We investigate whether age profiles of ethnobiological knowledge development are consistent with predictions derived from life history theory about the timing of productivity and reproduction. Life history models predict complementary knowledge profiles developing across the lifespan for women and men as they experience changes in embodied capital and the needs of dependent offspring. We evaluate these predictions using an ethnobiological knowledge assessment tool developed for an off-grid pastoralist population known as Choyeros, from Baja California Sur, Mexico. Our results indicate that (...) while individuals acquire knowledge of most dangerous items and edible resources by early adulthood, knowledge of plants and animals relevant to the age and sex divided labor domains and ecologies (e.g., women’s house gardens, men’s herding activities in the wilderness) continues to develop into middle adulthood but to different degrees and at different rates for men and women. As the demands of offspring on parents accumulate with age, reproductive-aged adults continue to develop their knowledge to meet their children’s needs. After controlling for vision, our analysis indicates that many post-reproductive adults show the greatest ethnobiological knowledge. These findings extend our understanding of the evolved human life history by illustrating how changes in embodied capital and the needs of dependent offspring predict the development of men’s and women’s ethnobiological knowledge across the lifespan. (shrink)

Some recently articulated American Christian liberation theolo­gies maintain that they seek justice for the oppressed. But such “justice” fails to encompass the respecting of certain rights of the oppressed to compensation from their oppressors. The right of the oppressed to holistic (including compensatory) reparations from their oppressors is explored in terms of why liberation theologies ought to, among other things, respect and embrace such a right. For economic issues, both distributive and compensatory, are inseparable from oppression-based poverty and hence inseparable (...) from the will of God insofar as it is the will of God to liberate the oppressed. By pressing the importance of reparations for oppressed groups, we seek to liberate liberation theologies from the shackles of a view that fails to recognize in a robust sense the law as a vehicle of rectification of oppression. (shrink)

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-021-09399-4.

This paper explores the managerial aspects of the relationship with stakeholders, under the assumption that transfer of knowledge is being made from relationship marketing and market orientation perspectives. These marketing tools may prove useful to manage the relationship with other stakeholders, as has been the case with customers. This study focuses on a sample of Spanish companies representing 43% of listed companies with the largest market capitalization. Given that this is the first time that corporate relationship with stakeholders is analyzed (...) in Spain, a qualitative technique (case analysis) was used. The main conclusion of the study is that most of the participant companies have a reactive position vis-à-vis stakeholders management systems. This attitude is reflected in their concern exclusively about ethical indexes managers. (shrink)

We present PhrasIS, a benchmark dataset composed of natural occurring Phrase pairs with Inference and Similarity annotations for the evaluation of semantic representations. The described dataset fills the gap between word and sentence-level datasets, allowing to evaluate compositional models at a finer granularity than sentences. Contrary to other datasets, the phrase pairs are extracted from naturally occurring text in image captions and news headlines. All the text fragments have been annotated by experts following a rigorous process also described in the (...) manuscript achieving high inter annotator agreement. In this work we analyse the dataset, showing the relation between inference labels and similarity scores. With 10K phrase pairs split in development and test, the dataset is an excellent benchmark for testing meaning representation systems. (shrink)

En reseña de: PeñaFreire, Antonio Manuel.Legalidad y orden jurídico. El debate sobre la legalidad del exterminio nazi, Atelier, Barcelona, 2018.Esta reseña examina la última obra del profesor Antonio M. Peña Freire, Legalidad y orden jurídico. El debate sobre la legalidad del exterminio nazi, Atelier, Barcelona, 2018. En ella se exponen sus tesis fundamentales, se formulan breves observaciones críticas, se da noticia de la presentación del libro que tuvo lugar en Granada recientemente y se invita a su lectura sobre la base (...) de un juicio positivo de la obra. (shrink)

En reseña de: Llano Alonso, Fernando. El gobierno de la razón: la filosofía jurídico-política de Marco Tulio Cicerón (prólogo de Alfonso Castro Sáenz), Thomson Reuters-Aranzadi, Cizur Menor, Madrid, 2017Este trabajo refleja las ideas esenciales del libro de Fernando LLano, "El gobierno de la razón" sobre el pensamiento jurídico-político de Cicerón. También formula algunas observaciones más o menos críticas al objeto de invitar a su lectura.Cic.

Este trabajo tiene un doble objetivo. En primer lugar, presentar dos paradigmas elaborados por Roberto Esposito y por Eligio Resta para pensar (con) otra racionalidad jurídica: derecho impersonal y derecho viviente. En segundo lugar, situar la genealogía de ambos paradigmas en las reflexiones suscitadas en el primer cuarto del siglo XX con Simone Weil y el debate Hans Kelsen-Eugen Ehrlich. La idea principal es plantear una singularidad jurídica en el interior de la Italian Theory.

Recensión de Escribano Gutiérrez, Juan. La mujer trabajadora en el derecho histórico del trabajo español. Ed. Comares, Granada, 2019, 175 páginas.

Este trabajo analiza la intersección entre derecho y medicina que se produce en los dispositivos de normalización ante la transexualidad. Para ello, se realiza un análisis del discurso jurisprudencial y de la Ley 3/2007. A partir de este estudio, creemos que el Manual de Diagnóstico y Estadístico de Trastornos Mentales (DSM), empleado por la medicina y asumido por el derecho como requisito patologizador para el cambio registral del sexo, posee fuerza de ley, cumpliendo las funciones de los antiguos bestiarios e (...) inmunizando el binarismo sexual. (shrink)

Sauquillo González, Julián. La reforma constitucional. Sujetos y límites del poder constituyente. Tecnos, Madrid, 2018, 406 páginas.

El presente artículo completa la tesis de Arendt-Agamben sobre los refugiados como límites a los derechos humanos. Si este límite se basa en la relación exterior de la nuda vida del refugiado con un Estado, aquí se propone la relación interior de la nuda vida intersexual con un cuerpo mutilado por la biomedicina. Al igual que la persona refugiada, la intersexual pone en cuestión los derechos y el derecho. Se plantean los conceptos cuerpo viviente, precariedad, precaridad y vulnerabilidad como base (...) de una ética del cuidado que produzca otro derecho. (shrink)

The paper analyzes the relationship between human rights and biopolitics. From four legal events, we study how human rights have excluded the body, politicizing bare life. The questions to be answered are two: It’s possible a zero generation of human rights around the idea of body? Can we articulate an alien right to immune logic of biopolitics that politicize the bare life?

Education is a fundamental pillar in human development, and its evolution throughout history has been influenced by a variety of factors, including imaginative culture and human nature. In this study, we explore how educational methods have evolved in response to the interaction between these two aspects. We look at how human creativity, imagination, and adaptation have influenced the way we teach and learn, from early forms of knowledge transmission to more contemporary approaches focused on active student engagement and the development (...) of practical skills. Our research is based on a comprehensive review of the academic literature in the fields of education, evolutionary psychology, cultural anthropology, and imagination studies. We explore how societies have used imagination as a tool to transmit knowledge and values, as well as to foster creativity and individual expression. We also examine how adaptive aspects of human nature, such as the ability to learn collaboratively and adapt to changing environments, have influenced the way educational methods are designed. Our results show a clear evolution in educational methods over time, from approaches focused on the one-way transmission of knowledge to more interactive and participatory models that encourage exploration and discovery. We identify common patterns in the way societies have used imagination and adaptation to promote learning and socialization and discuss the implications of these findings for contemporary education. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between imaginative culture, human nature, and education. It provides a solid foundation for the design of educational methods that harness the innate creativity and adaptability of human beings and offers guidance for educators and policymakers on how to promote meaningful and lasting learning in today's world. (shrink)